Bretton Woods Won’t Make a Comeback
Posted on November 13th, 2008
by Patrick J. Buchanan |
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“Laissez-faire is finished, the all-powerful market that is always right, that’s finished,” said Nicholas Sarkozy, speaking ex cathedra, last month.
As a result, said the diminutive French president, it is “necessary to rebuild the entire global financial and monetary system from the bottom up, the way it was done at Bretton Woods after World War II.”
Sarky’s history is a bit off. The Bretton Woods Agreements were actually signed in July 1944, when German troops still occupied Paris, a month before France was liberated by the Americans, who let Charles de Gaulle and the Free French do the honors.
Our European friends seem positively giddy about this weekend’s meeting in Washington, where they hope to impose upon us a new world economic order like the one we imposed in 1944.
We “must have a new Bretton Woods — building a new financial architecture for the years ahead,” says Gordon Brown, who is surely aware the first Bretton Woods was a British humiliation, with London yielding place and submitting to Washington’s dictation.
Brown and Sarky will be here for what is being bailed as a historic gathering of the G-20, which consists of the G-7 — the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan — plus the BRIC four, the rising economic powers of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, and nine other economic powers, like Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Mexico.
Yet to call this a second Bretton Woods is absurd. At that Mount Washington Hotel gathering in New Hampshire, the United States, led by Treasury’s Harry Dexter White, who doubled as a Soviet spy, dictated the terms under which the world economy was to operate.
The U.S. dollar, tied to gold, was to become the world’s reserve currency. The pound, the franc and other currencies were to be tied to the dollar at fixed rates of exchange. An International Monetary Fund was established to lend to nations with balance of payments problems. An International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) was created to provide loans for rebuilding war-torn Europe.
America provided most of the financing for the new institutions and assumed the lion’s share of control. Though the most famous economist of the age, J.M. Keynes, led the British delegation, his ideas — for a new world central bank and new world currency — were brushed aside by Harry White and the Americans.
The Bretton Woods system endured until Richard Nixon. With his country hemorrhaging gold in 1971, Nixon slammed the gold window shut, cut the dollar loose and let it float against other currencies.
Nixon’s was an act of necessity. The Europeans, with more dollars than they needed or wanted, were coming to cash them in and clean out Fort Knox.
To suggest that Europeans possess anything like the hegemonic power of America in 1944 is delusion.
As Gideon Rachman writes in the Financial Times, Bretton Woods II holds promise of being a flop. Even in America’s financial crisis, no one can dictate to the United States. Nor will rising nations like China, jealous of their sovereignty, accept proctorship from an effete and aging Europe.
Brown wants the IMF to become the “global central bank,” the Fed of the world economy. No way, Brownie. Americans are not going to fund such a bank, nor cede it authority, nor abide by its dictates. We are not yet a Third World nation dependent on the IMF.
Globalists see in this worst of world financial crises since the 1930s what New Dealers saw in the Depression: an opportunity to geometrically augment government power and impose their visions upon mankind.
Barack Obama’s chief of staff appears to entertain such thoughts. Said Rahm Emanuel Sunday, “The crisis we have today is an opportunity to finally deal with what Washington, for years, has kicked down the road.”
Brown and Sarkozy may believe a new era of multilateralism is upon us, in which they will play great roles, as the bad old Bush era of American unilateralism ends. But should Obama begin to cede U.S. sovereignty, he will find himself in the same firestorm that engulfed George W. Bush and John McCain when they sought amnesty for 12 million to 20 million illegal aliens.
The Europeans are dreaming. It is nationalism, not globalism or multilateralism, that is resurgent worldwide. Recall: China, India, and the United States rejected the Kyoto Protocols on global warming. And even if Obama agrees to global climate change demands, Beijing will not.
And while China, India, and Brazil may make even more demands, the United States is making no more concessions to conclude the Doha round of world trade negotiations. Doha is dead. Big Labor, which backed Obama, wants no more trade deals at the expense of U.S. workers.
Russia, too, is ready to use its veto in the Security Council to protect its perceived great power interests.
American unipolarity, which all professed to abhor, is indeed at an end.
Let us see how the world likes the new multipolarity, with two, three, many centers of power — economic, political, and military.
This looks less like 1944 than 1904, with the Brits in decline and half a dozen other great powers rising.
COPYRIGHT 2008 CREATORS SYNDICATE INC.
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“Nixon’s was an act of necessity. The Europeans, with more dollars than they needed or wanted, were coming to cash them in and clean out Fort Knox.”
Coming from Pat Buchanan, and in the context of his recent book and a later line in this essay, this line is striking.
To put it in the form of a question, how was welching on our obligation ‘necessary’? In The Unnecessary War, he argues for a nation, a power, such as Britain, gracefully accepting other powers on stage even to the point of exiting. The analogy to America is clear enough there: be more modest in foreign affairs, tend more to our own garden. But later in this essay, Buchanan writes, “American unipolarity, which all professed to abhor, is indeed at an end.” That dependent clause suggests all should not have abhored American unipolarity. But why wouldn’t people hate getting screwed over and pushed around by a profligate, bullying America? Powerplays that screw over others is far from grace.
Thus describing Nixon’s closure of the gold window as necessary makes sense from a nationalistic perspective, but why should we expect Euro’s and others to buy into that storyline? We shouldn’t. Buchanan sounds like a neocon here.
Americans won’t put up with it?! My dear Mr. Buchanan, when has our opinion mattered? Something as complicated and unfamiliar to Americans as the IMF, gold standard, will be simplified and packaged like the Iraq war - depression bad - bomb it! , or quietly worked into the fine print of a soft agreement “economic initiatives’ - a ‘wordocracy’ as Steve Sailer calls it.
The individuals and interests that have engineered the rise of international institutions like the European Union have sought no forgiveness and only token permission. The globalists are not dreaming. However, they are afraid of a multi-polar world, which is why they are seeking to replace America at the axis of power with an international government. We’ve squandered our hegemony, China and Russia are frightening, and Europe is dying. The Euros, in their peculiarly self-important and self-deprecating way, are tending to their national interests. By the way, the Dem’s will get their amnesty bill passed - over Labor’s dead body.
According to an article in the Economist, talk of ‘Bretton Woods 2 is just hype, at least as far as this conference goes.
http://www.economist.com/finance/displayStory.cfm?source=hptextfeature&story_id=12597176
‘More than two years of gruelling technical work laid the ground for the wartime conference of officials and finance ministers (prime ministers and presidents had other things to deal with). By contrast, the leaders gathering this weekend . . . have cobbled together an agenda in a few frenetic weeks.’
[...] Conservatives, Opinion, Politics, Quote of the Day, Republican, Republicans The U.S. dollar, tied to gold, was to become the world’s reserve currency. The pound, the franc and other [...]